Flat parasitic worms are presented in the fauna of our planet mainly of diggenic plates (cat and liver bulls) and strips of worms (bull and pork tapeworm, wide strip, echinococcus).
The diseases caused by them are called helminth.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed by a rotating opening or surface of their body with osmosis.
List of diseases
Helminthosis caused by flat helminths are classified according to different signs - the method of infection, the number of owners, forms of life, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are distinguished:
- Geogelminthosis,in which the worms do not need a temporary owner.The worms for geo -ego are localized in the human body, which is the last master for them.
- Biogelminthosis,It is characterized by the fact that parasites, in addition to the basic (final) host, also need an intermediate product.
- HymenolepidosisOr otherwise contagious (contact) helminthia in which parasites are transmitted from person to person.From the human body, the parasites are distinguished by their mature, ready for more invasion.
Depending on the development characteristics, pathogens are classified:
- by the invasion method;
- from the nature of life in the external environment;
- By value occupied in human pathology.
The invasion of cestodi can occur in different ways penetration through the skin when you swallow eggs into worms, with insect carriers.Migration of parasites is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the tissues and organs.
Important!Most often, the cestodes are located in the gastrointestinal tract.But some types of helminths are established in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helminthosis is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.The invasions of specific types of helminths often have specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by some types of flat parasites.
Tenarism is a disease that occurs during a bull chain infection.The invasion is characterized by pronounced toxic allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
Tuziarinchosis belongs to biogelminthosis.That is, Bull Tapeworm has the final (human) and intermediate hosts (cattle).The infection occurs by entering the human body of worms when eating improperly cooked meat of an infected animal.The parasite is localized to the intestine, attaching to its walls with vents, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
Tuziarinchosis often occurs without symptoms.But in the case of a severe lesion, the following manifestations of the disease are carried out:
- dyspepsia;
- nausea;
- poor appetite;
- abundant salivation;
- Feeling of heaviness in the epigastry;
- acids;
- vomiting.
Teniosis is a helminthiasis caused by a pork chain infection.It is characterized by damage to both individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic disorders (dyspepsia, impaired function of the central nervous system).
Pork tapeworm is a striptease worm that parasitizes in the small intestine of a person.Parts of his body, along with eggs secreted during bowel movements, are eaten by pigs, which become an intermediate host for the tapeworm.In addition to the pigs, the role of the latter can play rabbits, dogs, rabbits, camels.Man is the only last master of Helmint.
For information!They are infected with a chain when using insufficiently welded or fried pork, it is possible to invade water and dirty hands.
The clinical picture of the tusi is similar to the manifestations of teniarinchosis, only more pronounced.People infected with a chain can fall in the short term.In the complex form of tissue tissue and human organs are affected by eggs with tapeworm with the formation of unacceptable larvae - cysts.Depending on the location of the latter, severe disorders of cardiac and brain activity, vision of vision (including complete blindness) is possible.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by lace worms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
Invasions develop with the participation of two owners:
- intermediate (omnivorous and herbivorous, person) in which the larva form of helminth parasitizes;
- Finale (PS - jackals, wolves, foxes) in which are adults from worms.
Echinococcosis is transmitted to a person of animals, that is, they are in their type of zona invasions.The infection occurs with the help of eggs in hand, vegetables, fruits.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- one -off (hydrate, cystic);
- and Multi Churna Echinococcosis (alveococcosis).
For humans, echinococcosis is the process of cyst formation (Finn) that occur in different organs - the heart, liver, lungs, bones, brain.Perhaps the formation of cancer -like metastases.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their localization.The affected organs are subjected to dystrophic changes (parenchyma atrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasite metabolism products cause toxic allergic reactions.With a rupture of a purulent cyst, anaphylactic shock is not excluded.
Hymenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf tapeworm - a relatively small helminth, if we compare it with other representatives of this class.
The tank has a small head, neck and body, divided into members.When his eggs enter the human body, they develop in a larva attached with villas to the intestinal walls.Larvae turn into young individuals (cystekoids), which are an intermediate stage between the larva and the helminth of adults.
Cysticoid is a dwarf life, very dangerous for the owner, as cysticides are able to destroy the intestinal walls with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body responds to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
The eggs are placed on adults from tapeworm.When Helmint reaches a certain length, some of the members of his body with the eggs are torn off and goes out with stools.The other part remains in the intestine and continues its life cycle.
The dwarf invasion is found when drinking dirty water consuming mise, vegetable and fruits when tangled with hands on which there are eggs, faces and lips.
Hymenolepidosis manifests itself with the following major symptoms:
- rapid weight loss;
- stomach pain;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed based on the results of faecal analysis.Treatment is performed by synthetic drugs, the doctor prescribes the dose and administration of administration after examination of the patient and examination of the data on the analysis.
The main way to prevent the infection is to take care of cleanliness: frequent washing of the hands and taking a shower, changing clothes, maintaining a bath with the help of effective disinfectants.
A danger to the people
Castodi invasions (hymenolepidosis, dipylobotriosis, tuziasis, cysticchosis, shadowirinchosis) are very dangerous diseases filled with threatening life complications.
It's worth knowing!Helminthiasis manifestations may be different depending on the systems and organs affected by worms and the degree of infection.With damage to the central nervous system, behavior inadequacy, paralysis, epileptic attacks, hyperactivity can occur.The patient may experience headache and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of edema, urticaria or quinke food allergies are often found in response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders may be observed in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, narrow stupid or acute abdominal pain.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis may develop.The consequence of impaired functionality of the gastrointestinal tract is, as a rule, a sharp weight loss.
Blood tests can detect hypochromic anemia and eosinophilia.
Prevention
Prevention is reduced mainly to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid the infection, to be in an environment where helminth eggs are common.Not less important in terms of invasion prevention is the proper heat treatment of meat and other products.
The main prevention recommendations:
- Be sure to wash your hands when you return from the street before eating, after a reference to natural needs.
- Eat only clean, well -washed fruits and vegetables.
- Drink only boiled or bottled water.Even filtered water can contain parasite eggs, not to mention the one that is supplied from water supply without filtration.
- Avoid too close contact with pets - not to put them in bed, not to kiss.Regularly check "Our smaller brothers" for helminths, if necessary, contact a veterinary clinic.
- Wash the linen more often and hit your underwear, especially the baby.
- Keep your immunity at the right level.This will allow the body to deal with helminth on its own.
- In the presence of circumstances that create an increased risk of infection (business travel or tourist trip to exotic countries, stay in groups where the risk of invasion is high), use preventive anti -geelmints.But this should be done no more than 2 times a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
If the infection has occurred, then the medicines are prescribed by the doctor individually.These are usually tablet medicines.In more severe cases, injections, droplets, irradiation are used.
The funds for traditional medicine, with their proper use, are also effective in the fight against helminth.